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Carl Rogers emphasized that a positive self-concept is promoted by


A) self-transcendence.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) reciprocal determinism.
D) free association.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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The belief that some distressing physical symptoms made no neurological sense contributed most directly to


A) Allport's interest in personality traits.
B) Freud's interest in unconscious conflicts.
C) Maslow's interest in self-actualization.
D) Bandura's interest in reciprocal determinism.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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For several months after he lost the job he had held for nearly 20 years, Mr. Ullomi frequently lost his temper and suffered periodic crying spells. His behavior is most clearly an example of


A) an Oedipus complex.
B) denial.
C) regression.
D) projection.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates


A) factor analysis.
B) the spotlight effect.
C) self-serving bias.
D) the Barnum effect.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Which perspective most clearly emphasizes the interactive influences of traits and situations on human behavior?


A) trait perspective
B) psychoanalytic perspective
C) social-cognitive perspective
D) humanistic perspective

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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A boy's sexual desires for his mother and feelings of hostility toward his father constitute what Freud called


A) reaction formation.
B) the Oedipus complex.
C) reciprocal determinism.
D) an oral fixation.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Mark typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner. Chandler usually becomes agitated. The reactions of Mark and Chandler indicate that each has a distinctive


A) reaction formation.
B) projection.
C) self-serving bias.
D) personality.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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The tendency to accept more personal responsibility for one's successes than for one's failures best illustrates


A) the false consensus effect.
B) self-serving bias.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) the spotlight effect.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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If we are nervous about our personal appearance after adopting a new hairstyle, we are likely to ________ the extent to which others notice our nervousness and we are likely to ________ the extent to which they notice our new hairstyle.


A) overestimate; underestimate
B) underestimate; overestimate
C) overestimate; overestimate
D) underestimate; underestimate

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Carl Rogers suggested that the ________ is a central feature of personality.


A) collective unconscious
B) inferiority complex
C) Barnum effect
D) self-concept

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The use of personal pronouns in text messaging is best predicted by the Big Five trait of


A) neuroticism.
B) extraversion.
C) agreeableness.
D) openness.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Abraham Maslow studied the lives of people such as Abraham Lincoln in order to understand the nature of


A) reciprocal determinism.
B) the spotlight effect.
C) self-actualization.
D) the false consensus effect.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Matt reported a dream in which he repeatedly fell off a horse. His therapist suggested that his dream reflected Matt's mixed feelings of affection and resentment toward his own father. According to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal the dream's


A) factor analysis.
B) latent content.
C) erogenous zone.
D) psychosexual stage.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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No matter how long and hard Lerae studies, she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have. A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Lerae shows signs of a


A) weak id.
B) weak ego.
C) strong id.
D) strong superego.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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The social-cognitive perspective emphasizes the interactive influences of traits and


A) archetypes.
B) situations.
C) fixations.
D) self-concepts.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is a common criticism of the humanistic perspective?


A) Its concepts are vague and subjective.
B) The emphasis on the self encourages selfishness in individuals.
C) Humanism fails to appreciate the reality of evil in human behavior.
D) All of these are common criticisms.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Using the defense mechanism of projection, a person experiences an internal


A) threat as if it were an external virtue.
B) virtue as if it were an external threat.
C) threat as if it were an external threat.
D) virtue as if it were an external virtue.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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During a phone call to the Psychic Network, Mark was told that "you often worry about things much more than you admit, even to your best friends." Mark's amazement at the psychic's apparent understanding of his personality best illustrates


A) the spotlight effect.
B) self-serving bias.
C) the Barnum effect.
D) an Electra complex.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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As her parents became increasingly more abusive toward her, Amity began, with apparent sincerity, to emphatically express her great admiration for her parents. Amity's behavior illustrates most clearly the defense mechanism of


A) projection.
B) displacement.
C) rationalization.
D) reaction formation.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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A coach who convincingly extols the superior strength of upcoming opponents makes a victory appear ________ praiseworthy and a loss appear ________ understandable.


A) less; less
B) more; more
C) less; more
D) more; less

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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