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Onyx Corporation has a $200,000 loan that will mature in one year.The risk free interest rate is 6 percent.The standard deviation in the rate of change in the underlying asset's value is 12 percent,and the leverage ratio for Onyx is 0.8 (80 percent) .The value for N(h1) is 0.02743,and the value for N(h2) is 0.96406. What is the required yield on this risky loan?


A) 6.165 percent.
B) 6.00 percent.
C) 0.165 percent.
D) 5.835 percent.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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All other things equal,longer term loans are more likely to be


A) variable-rate loans.
B) fixed-rate loans.
C) commitment loans.
D) lowest risk category loans.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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RAROC (Risk-adjusted return on capital)is a measure of a firm's cost of debt.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following completes the statement: All else equal,the higher the duration of a loan,


A) the lower the current level of interest rates,the higher the RAROC.
B) the lower the expected change in risk premium,the lower the RAROC.
C) the higher the expected change in risk premium,the higher the RAROC.
D) the higher the loan amount,the lower the RAROC.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Commercial loans have been decreasing in importance in bank loan portfolios.

A) True
B) False

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A borrower's reputation is an example of a market-specific factor in the credit decision.

A) True
B) False

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Because they are secured by homes,residential mortgages have demonstrated very little credit risk for FIs.

A) True
B) False

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The following is information on current spot and forward term structures (assume the corporate debt pays interest annually) : The following is information on current spot and forward term structures (assume the corporate debt pays interest annually) :    -Calculate the value of x (the implied forward rate on one-year maturity Treasuries to be delivered in one year) . A) 6.53 percent. B) 10.83 percent. C) 5.75 percent. D) 6.925 percent. -Calculate the value of x (the implied forward rate on one-year maturity Treasuries to be delivered in one year) .


A) 6.53 percent.
B) 10.83 percent.
C) 5.75 percent.
D) 6.925 percent.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In making credit decisions,which of the following items is considered a market-specific factor?


A) Whether the borrower's capital structure is beyond the point where additional debt increases the probability of loss of principal or interest.
B) Whether the relative level of interest rates will encourage the borrower to take excessive risks.
C) Whether property can be pledged as collateral.
D) Whether the volatility of earnings could present a period where the periodic payment of interest and principal would be at risk.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Which of the following statements does NOT reflect credit decisions at the retail level?


A) Loans to retail customers are more likely to be rationed through interest rates than loan quantity restrictions.
B) Most loan decisions at the retail level tend to be accept or reject decisions.
C) Mortgage loans often are discriminated based on loan to price ratios rather than interest rates.
D) Household borrowers require higher costs of information collection for lenders.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Credit scoring models include all of the following broad types of models EXCEPT


A) Linear discriminant models.
B) Linear probability models.
C) Term structure models.
D) Logit models.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Simulations by Moody's Analytics have shown which of the following models to be relatively better predictors of corporate failure and distress?


A) Z score-type models.
B) S&P rating changes.
C) Expected Default Frequency (EDF) models.
D) Linear probability models.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Commercial paper typically is secured by specific assets of the borrower.

A) True
B) False

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Suppose that the financial ratios of a potential borrowing firm took the following values: X1 = 0.30 X2 = 0 X3 = -0.30 X4 = 0.15 X5 = 2.1 Altman's discriminant function takes the form: Z = 1.2 X1+ 1.4 X2 + 3.3 X3 + 0.6 X4 + 1.0 X5 Suppose X3 = 0.2 instead of -0.30.According to Altman's credit scoring model,the firm would fall under which default risk classification?


A) A high default risk firm.
B) An indeterminant default risk firm.
C) A low default risk firm.
D) A medium default risk firm.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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The following is information on current spot and forward term structures (assume the corporate debt pays interest annually) : The following is information on current spot and forward term structures (assume the corporate debt pays interest annually) :    -Using the term structure of default probabilities,the implied default probability for BBB corporate debt during the second year is A) 4.20 percent. B) 98.0 percent. C) 2.35 percent. D) 2.71 percent. E) 3.88 percent. -Using the term structure of default probabilities,the implied default probability for BBB corporate debt during the second year is


A) 4.20 percent.
B) 98.0 percent.
C) 2.35 percent.
D) 2.71 percent.
E) 3.88 percent.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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According to option pricing models of credit risk and default,the debt holders of a corporation may have to accept assets which have a value less than the face value of the debt.

A) True
B) False

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In making credit decisions,which of the following items is considered a market-specific factor?


A) Whether the reputation of the borrower enhances the credit application.
B) Whether the current debt-equity ratio is sufficiently low to not impact the probability of repayment.
C) Whether the debt can be secured by specific property.
D) Whether the position of the economy in the business cycle phase would affect the probability of borrower default.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Adjustable rate mortgages have interest rates that adjust periodically according to the movement in some index.

A) True
B) False

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The following represents two yield curves.  Maturity  Pure Discount Treasury Yields  B-rated Carparate Band  Yields (Pure Discaun Bonds)  1 year 3 percent 6 percent 2 year 6 percent 10 percent 20 year 12 percent 17 percent \begin{array} { | l r r | } \hline \text { Maturity } & \text { Pure Discount Treasury Yields } & \text { B-rated Carparate Band } \\\hline & & \text { Yields (Pure Discaun Bonds) } \\1 \text { year } & 3 \text { percent } & 6\text { percent }\\2 \text { year } & 6 \text { percent }& 10 \text { percent } \\20 \text { year } & 12 \text { percent }& 17 \text { percent } \\\hline\end{array} -What is the cumulative mortality rate of the A-rated and B-rated loans for year 2?


A) 1.0 percent and 2.24 percent.
B) 0.5 percent and 1.24 percent.
C) 1.0 percent and 1.74 percent.
D) 0.5 percent and 0.5 percent.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Because a compensating balance is the proportion of a loan that must be kept on deposit at the lending institution,the actual return to the lender on the usable portion of these loans is higher.

A) True
B) False

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