Question 1

Fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by exposure to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurotoxin
B)  Mutagen
C)  Antigen
D)  Teratogen
E)  AllergenF) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

Pathogenic organisms are those that cause diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following practices contributes the least to antibiotic or pesticide resistance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Domestic farm animals are fed low doses of antibiotics to increase weight gain.
B)  A person takes the full course of the appropriate antibiotic when she has a viral infection.
C)  A person takes the full course of the appropriate antibiotic when she has a bacterial infection.
D)  A person takes an anti-malarial drug when he does not have malaria.
E)  Mosquito populations in the tropics have been sprayed with DDT for about 50 years.F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 4

Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are _______________________ and ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of chemical mixtures; lack of knowledge about synergistic effects
B)  Lack of funding for federal mandates; lack of public support
C)  Extrapolation of data to low doses; extrapolation of data from nonhuman species to humans
D)  Lack of planning; the involvement of politics
E)  There are no inherent problems in human health risk assessmentF) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

Between 1990 and 2010, what showed the biggest rank increase for the "Leading Causes of Global Disease Burden?"

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV/AIDS
B)  Stroke
C)  Diabetes
D)  MalariaE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Neurotoxins act by

Accepted Answer

A)  Disrupting nerve cells
B)  Altering genetic material
C)  Repressing the immune system
D)  Disrupting normal hormone functions
E)  Causing abnormalities in nervous tissue during embryonic growth and developmentF) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 7

An advantage of testing for toxicity by exposing animals to chemicals is that using animals is

Accepted Answer

A)  Cheaper than other methods
B)  Faster than other methods
C)  Usually quite humane
D)  Easier than using computer models
E)  A trusted and usually reliable way to get resultsF) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

_______________, rather than ______________, are becoming the leading causes of disability and premature death worldwide.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease; infectious diseases such as malaria
B)  Infectious diseases such as malaria; chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease
C)  Traffic deaths; infectious diseases such as malaria
D)  Chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease; traffic deaths
E)  Infectious diseases such as malaria; traffic deathsF) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 9

Chronic effects of a toxic response

Accepted Answer

A)  Are less harmful than acute effects
B)  Can last a long time or be permanent
C)  Rarely show up in time to be diagnosed
D)  Are unlikely to be lethal
E)  Are likely to kill the individual during the initial exposureF) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Bioaccumulation is important because it allows cells to

Accepted Answer

A)  Accumulate essential nutrients and minerals
B)  Rid themselves of waste material
C)  Protect themselves against toxins
D)  Reproduce more quickly
E)  Have a ready source of energy if it is neededF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

An LD50 is a dose of a toxic chemical that

Accepted Answer

A)  Is an acceptable level of risk for most individuals
B)  All individuals react to
C)  Kills individuals 50 years old and obove
D)  Is 50 times less than the minimal dose
E)  Kills half of the populationF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

Diseases usually develop in response to _______ factors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nutritional and diet
B)  Infectious or toxic
C)  Physical
D)  Psychological stress
E)  All of these are correctF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

Teratogens cause abnormal growth specifically in

Accepted Answer

A)  Nerve cells
B)  Muscle cells
C)  Embryos
D)  The liver
E)  Skin cellsF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Individuals represented by the right end of the dose/response curve (responding to doses between 30 and 40 ppm)  are ____________ to the chemical.

Accepted Answer

A)  Very sensitive
B)  Very insensitive
C)  About average in sensitivity
D)  Relatively insensitive
E)  Relatively sensitiveF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

Highly persistent toxic chemicals

Accepted Answer

A)  Retain their toxicity as they cycle through the food chain and environment
B)  Lose their toxicity once released in the environment
C)  Accumulate within one organism but break down at higher trophic levels
D)  Are highly unusual among artificial chemicals
E)  Are usually not that toxic in their life spanF) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 16

Acute effects of a toxin appear

Accepted Answer

A)  Only after repeated exposure
B)  Long after exposure
C)  Immediately after exposure
D)  When there is sustained contact
E)  To cause permanent damage if the individual survives the initial exposureF) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 17

Toxins can be dangerous in very small concentrations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Allergens are substances that

Accepted Answer

A)  Repress the immune system
B)  Stimulate the nervous system
C)  Prevent oxygen uptake
D)  Activate the immune system
E)  Interfere with oxygen uptakeF) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 19

How many substances is the EPA responsible for monitoring?

Accepted Answer

A)  657
B)  500
C)  275
D)  1,000E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Endocrine disruptors

Accepted Answer

A)  Disrupt nerve cells
B)  Alter genetic material
C)  Repress the immune system
D)  Disrupt normal hormone functions
E)  Cause abnormalities in nervous tissue during embryonic growth and developmentF) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Exam 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology

_______________, rather than ______________, are becoming the leading causes of disability and premature death worldwide.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diseases usually develop in response to _______ factors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Teratogens cause abnormal growth specifically in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Individuals represented by the right end of the dose/response curve (responding to doses between 30 and 40 ppm) are ____________ to the chemical.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neurotoxins act by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are _______________________ and ___________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bioaccumulation is important because it allows cells to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An LD50 is a dose of a toxic chemical that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Endocrine disruptors

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following practices contributes the least to antibiotic or pesticide resistance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Highly persistent toxic chemicals

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by exposure to a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chronic effects of a toxic response

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many substances is the EPA responsible for monitoring?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pathogenic organisms are those that cause diseases.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Allergens are substances that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An advantage of testing for toxicity by exposing animals to chemicals is that using animals is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Acute effects of a toxin appear

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Between 1990 and 2010, what showed the biggest rank increase for the "Leading Causes of Global Disease Burden?"

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Toxins can be dangerous in very small concentrations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_, rather than , are becoming the leading causes of disability and premature death worldwide.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Two problems encountered in human health risk assessment are _____ and _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified