Question 1

After cytokinesis occurs in budding yeasts, the daughter cell has a

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller nucleus and more cytoplasm than the mother cell.
B)  smaller nucleus and less cytoplasm than the mother cell.
C)  larger nucleus and less cytoplasm than the mother cell.
D)  similar nucleus and less cytoplasm than the mother cell.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D) D

Question 2

Which of these paired fungal structures are structurally and functionally most alike?

Accepted Answer

A)  conidia and basidiocarps
B)  sporangia and hyphae
C)  soredia and gills
D)  haustoria and arbuscules
E)  zoospores and myceliaF) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

Which description does not apply equally well to both sexual and asexual spores?

Accepted Answer

A)  have haploid nuclei
B)  represent the dispersal stage
C)  are produced by meiosis
D)  upon germination, will subsequently undergo S phase and mitosisE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are

Accepted Answer

A)  composed of hyphae.
B)  referred to as a mycelium.
C)  usually underground.
D)  Three of these responses are correct.
E)  Two of these responses are correct.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Recent genetic studies of the structure of microsporidian genomes, as well as the sequences of their tubulin genes and the gene for RNA polymerase II, indicate that microsporidians are closely related to the fungi. Microsporidians lack flagella, centrioles, peroxisomes, and mitochondria (although they do have degenerate mitochondria, called mitosomes) . They have the smallest genome of any eukaryote, and it is a genome that changes quickly. The genome is contained within two haploid nuclei. All microsporidians are obligate intracellular parasites. They use a unique organelle called a polar filament to gain access to the cells of their hosts. One species causes chronic diarrhea in AIDS patients. Another parasitizes Anopheles gambiae, the mosquito that transmits a fatal form of malaria to humans.
-Which of the following microsporidian features are shared with many other fungi? 1. chitinous cell wall
2. two haploid nuclei per cell
3. polar filament
4. chemoheterotrophy

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2
B)  1 and 3
C)  1 and 4
D)  1, 2, and 4
E)  2, 3, and 4F) A) and D)
G) A) and C) D

Question 6

Orchid seeds are tiny, with virtually no endosperm and with miniscule cotyledons. If such seeds are deposited in a dark, moist environment, then which of the following represents the most likely means by which fungi might assist in seed germination, given what the seeds lack?

Accepted Answer

A)  by transferring some chloroplasts to the embryo in each seed
B)  by providing the seeds with water and minerals
C)  by providing the embryos with some of the organic nutrients they have absorbed
D)  by strengthening the seed coat that surrounds each seedE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Sexual reproduction has never been observed among the fungi that produce the blue-green marbling of blue cheeses. What is true of these fungi and others that do not have a sexual stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are currently classified among the ascomycetes.
B)  They do not form heterokaryons.
C)  Their spores are probably produced by mitosis.
D)  Three of these responses are correct.
E)  Two of these responses are correct.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

What makes it risky to rely on the presence of chitin in adult amphibian skin as the sole positive test for the presence of chytrids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Other mycoses may be in progress in the same amphibian simultaneously.
B)  The amphibian may harbour arthropod ectoparasites simultaneously.
C)  Bacterial infections may be simultaneously underway in the amphibian.
D)  Three of the responses above are correct.
E)  Two of the responses above are correct.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 9

Both fungus-derived antibiotics and hallucinogens used by humans probably evolved in fungi as a means to

Accepted Answer

A)  reduce competition for nutrients.
B)  help humanity survive.
C)  promote their ingestion of foodstuffs.
D)  eliminate other fungi.
E)  discourage animal predators.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 10

The following figure depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A-D are all 0.5 metres below the soil surface. Responses may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
 
-At which location is the mycelium currently absorbing the most nutrients per unit surface area, per unit time?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  DE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Chemicals, secreted by soil fungi, that inhibit the growth of bacteria are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies.
B)  aflatoxins.
C)  hallucinogens.
D)  antigens.
E)  antibiotics.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Unicellular yeasts can be represented as spheres, whereas filamentous hyphae more closely resemble cylinders. As these two geometric figures increase in size, their surface area-to-volume ratios change. The following tables demonstrate how this ratio changes, first for spheres, and second for cylinders. For the cylinder, girth (i.e., radius, r)  will remain constant, whereas length, L, will increase. Note the formulas below the respective tables.
A sphere's change in surface area and volume with increasing radius, r
  
Area of a Sphere = 4r² Volume of a Sphere = 4/3r³
A cylinder's change in surface area and volume with increasing length, L
  
Area of a Cylinder = 2(r²)  + 2rL Volume of a Cylinder = r²ᴸ
-Which statement is a correct interpretation of the data in the previous tables?

Accepted Answer

A)  As a sphere gets bigger, its surface area and volume increase at about the same pace.
B)  As a cylinder gets bigger, its surface area increases at a greater pace than does its volume.
C)  As a cylinder gets bigger, its volume increases at about the same pace at which the volume of a sphere increases.
D)  As spheres and cylinders get bigger, the surface area of a cylinder increases at a faster pace than does the surface area of a sphere.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above B

Question 13

The multicellular condition of animals and fungi seems to have arisen

Accepted Answer

A)  due to common ancestry.
B)  by convergent evolution.
C)  by inheritance of acquired traits.
D)  by natural means, and is a homology.
E)  by serial endosymbioses.F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 14

The following figure depicts the outline of a large fairy ring that has appeared overnight in an open meadow, as viewed from above. The fairy ring represents the furthest advance of this mycelium through the soil. Locations A-D are all 0.5 metres below the soil surface. Responses may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
 
-Assume that all four locations are 0.5 m above the surface. On a breezy day with prevailing winds blowing from left to right, where should one expect to find the highest concentration of free basidiospores in an air sample?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  DE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Among the organisms listed here, which are thought to be the closest relatives of fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  animals
B)  vascular plants
C)  mosses
D)  brown algae
E)  slime mouldsF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

What accounts most directly for the extremely fast growth of a fungal mycelium?

Accepted Answer

A)  rapid distribution of synthesized proteins by cytoplasmic streaming
B)  a long tubular body shape
C)  the readily available nutrients from their ingestive mode of nutrition
D)  a dikaryotic condition that supplies greater amounts of proteins and nutrientsE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Do cell walls of fungi differ from cell walls of plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes; cell walls of fungi contain chitin, cell walls of plants contain cellulose.
B)  No; cell walls of fungi and plants contain chitin.
C)  No; cell walls of fungi and plants contain cellulose.
D)  Yes; cell walls of fungi contain peptidoglycan, cell walls of plants contain cellulose.
E)  Yes; cell walls of fungi contain lignin, cell walls of plants contain cellulose.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

What are the sporangia of the bread mould Rhizopus?

Accepted Answer

A)  asexual structures that produce haploid spores
B)  asexual structures that produce diploid spores
C)  sexual structures that produce haploid spores
D)  sexual structures that produce diploid sporesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Unicellular yeasts can be represented as spheres, whereas filamentous hyphae more closely resemble cylinders. As these two geometric figures increase in size, their surface area-to-volume ratios change. The following tables demonstrate how this ratio changes, first for spheres, and second for cylinders. For the cylinder, girth (i.e., radius, r)  will remain constant, whereas length, L, will increase. Note the formulas below the respective tables.
A sphere's change in surface area and volume with increasing radius, r
  
Area of a Sphere = 4r² Volume of a Sphere = 4/3r³
A cylinder's change in surface area and volume with increasing length, L
  
Area of a Cylinder = 2(r²)  + 2rL Volume of a Cylinder = r²ᴸ
-As a direct result of increasing surface area in both yeasts and filamentous hyphae, which cell structures/materials must also increase? 1. amount of chitin
2. number of nuclei
3. amount of plasma membrane
4. number of mitochondria
5. amount of peptidoglycan

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only
B)  1 and 3
C)  2 and 3
D)  2 and 4
E)  1, 3, and 5F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 20

Immediately after karyogamy occurs, which term applies?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasmogamy
B)  heterokaryotic
C)  dikaryotic
D)  diploidE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 31: Fungi

After cytokinesis occurs in budding yeasts, the daughter cell has a

Correct Answer
verified
D

Which of these paired fungal structures are structurally and functionally most alike?

Correct Answer
verified

Which description does not apply equally well to both sexual and asexual spores?

Correct Answer
verified

The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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D

Orchid seeds are tiny, with virtually no endosperm and with miniscule cotyledons. If such seeds are deposited in a dark, moist environment, then which of the following represents the most likely means by which fungi might assist in seed germination, given what the seeds lack?

Correct Answer
verified

Sexual reproduction has never been observed among the fungi that produce the blue-green marbling of blue cheeses. What is true of these fungi and others that do not have a sexual stage?

Correct Answer
verified

What makes it risky to rely on the presence of chitin in adult amphibian skin as the sole positive test for the presence of chytrids?

Correct Answer
verified

Both fungus-derived antibiotics and hallucinogens used by humans probably evolved in fungi as a means to

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Chemicals, secreted by soil fungi, that inhibit the growth of bacteria are known as

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
B

The multicellular condition of animals and fungi seems to have arisen

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Among the organisms listed here, which are thought to be the closest relatives of fungi?

Correct Answer
verified

What accounts most directly for the extremely fast growth of a fungal mycelium?

Correct Answer
verified

Do cell walls of fungi differ from cell walls of plants?

Correct Answer
verified

What are the sporangia of the bread mould Rhizopus?

Correct Answer
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Immediately after karyogamy occurs, which term applies?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 31: Fungi

After cytokinesis occurs in budding yeasts, the daughter cell has a

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which of these paired fungal structures are structurally and functionally most alike?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which description does not apply equally well to both sexual and asexual spores?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Orchid seeds are tiny, with virtually no endosperm and with miniscule cotyledons. If such seeds are deposited in a dark, moist environment, then which of the following represents the most likely means by which fungi might assist in seed germination, given what the seeds lack?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sexual reproduction has never been observed among the fungi that produce the blue-green marbling of blue cheeses. What is true of these fungi and others that do not have a sexual stage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What makes it risky to rely on the presence of chitin in adult amphibian skin as the sole positive test for the presence of chytrids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both fungus-derived antibiotics and hallucinogens used by humans probably evolved in fungi as a means to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemicals, secreted by soil fungi, that inhibit the growth of bacteria are known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The multicellular condition of animals and fungi seems to have arisen

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Among the organisms listed here, which are thought to be the closest relatives of fungi?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What accounts most directly for the extremely fast growth of a fungal mycelium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Do cell walls of fungi differ from cell walls of plants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the sporangia of the bread mould Rhizopus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Immediately after karyogamy occurs, which term applies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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D

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B

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