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The potential for ________________ increases as the number of clerical entries increases.

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In content analysis one may code the visible, surface content known as the ___________.

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It is relatively easy and common to have agencies modify their data collection forms in order to get information needed for a specific research project being conducted from someone outside the agency.

A) True
B) False

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Suggest a content analysis project that could be completed by the class. Discuss the units of analysis and the sampling for this project.Further, discuss the coding that you would use if you were required to complete this project.

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One potential content analysis project t...

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Which of the following is not accurate concerning validity and reliability of agency records?


A) the shorter the time intervals under study the greater the concern about procedure changes
B) longitudinal researchers must be concerned about changes in operational definitions over time
C) longitudinal researchers must be concerned about changes in procedures over time
D) the longer the time interval under study the greater the concern about procedure changes

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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FBI statistics and annual reports from the Federal Bureau of Prisons are examples of _____.


A) nonpublic agency records
B) new data collected by agency staff
C) published statistics
D) content analysis

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The advantages and disadvantages of using secondary data are not the same as agency records.

A) True
B) False

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Data collected by or for public agencies is readily available and researchers have tight control over the actual data collection process.

A) True
B) False

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Secondary analysis can be cheaper and faster than collecting original data.

A) True
B) False

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True

In content analysis, one may code the underlying meaning of a communication which is often referred to as the ________________ content.

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Which of the following would be an example of the data coming from the Census Bureau that have criminal justice applications?


A) Court records of Children in Custody
B) Self Report Survey data
C) Survey of Inmates in Local Jails
D) Survey of all Criminal Justice Professors

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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C

Data and records produced by formal organizations may be the most common source of data in criminal justice research.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following situations would not have an impact upon error in agency records?


A) computers have the capacity to magnify clerical error
B) a single crime could be recorded by two agencies, thus making that event over-represented
C) having very little data to input
D) even rare events can be recorded improperly

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Social artifacts such as written documents or articles from newspapers represent which of the following types of data?


A) content analysis
B) secondary analysis
C) agency records
D) surveys

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Information that is collected by other people often as a part of their day-to-day work in a justice agency, but used by someone else for research purposes is referred to as ________________________ of existing data.

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Most government organizations routinely collect and publish compilations of data , which we refer to collectively as:


A) statistical and or graphic data
B) electronic data
C) published statistics
D) crime rates

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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It may be possible to use a(n)________________ source of data in which criminal justice agency staff collect information for specific research purposes that they typically would not have collected.

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Which of the following would not impact the validity and reliability of a study using agency records?


A) discretion of prosecutors in who to charge and what counts to add
B) decisions that are made by police officers to arrest versus give a warning
C) recognition on the part of the researcher that criminal justice data is a composite of criminal behavior, ability to detect that behavior and decisions about system response to that behavior
D) decisions made by probation officers to revoke on new crimes and not technical violations

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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When using agency records as a data source, the researcher must always keep changes in operational definitions and changes in _______________ in mind because of their potential impact upon validity and reliability.

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Which of the following is true about longitudinal research?


A) Data are useless
B) changes in the operational definitions the agencies use to specify key terms does not change overtime
C) the procedures the agency uses to collect the data over time remain the same
D) as the time interval under investigation increases, so does the potential for change in measurement.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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D

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