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Exam 7: Deviance and Crime

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Question 1

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According to Robert Merton's strain theory,_______ refers to when people accept society's goals but adopt disapproved means for achieving them.

A) innovation
B) conformity
C) rebellion
D) ritualism

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Question 2

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A person who shoplifts an item of clothing from a department store is apprehended and labeled as a "thief," and subsequently accepts that label.Then the person shoplifts more items from stores on numerous occasions.This is an example of:

A) tertiary deviance
B) secondary deviance
C) career deviance
D) primary deviance

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 3

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All of the following crimes are considered to be felonies EXCEPT:

Compare the key components of sociologist Edwin Sutherland's differential association,criminologist Ronald Akers' differential reinforcement theory,and rational choice theory.

From the __________ approach,institutions such as schools,prisons,and mental hospitals use knowledge,norms,and values to categorize people into "deviant" subgroups such as slow learners,convicted felons,or criminally insane individuals,and then control them through specific patterns of discipline.

Explain why sociologist Emile Durkheim believed that deviance was functional for society.

Which of the following is NOT a component of sociologist Travis Hirschi's social bonding theory?

The ___________ theory views deviance and crime as a function of the capitalist economic system.It is based on the assumption that the laws and the criminal justice system protect the power and privilege of the capitalist class.

According to Robert Merton's strain theory,_______ refers to when people give up on societal goals but still adhere to the socially approved means of achieving them.

About __________ percent of criminal cases are never tried in courts; instead,they are resolved by plea bargaining,a process in which the prosecution negotiates a reduced sentence for the accused in exchange for a guilty plea.

In contemporary societies,the criminal justice system,which includes the police,the courts,and the prisons,is the primary mechanism of __________ social control.

A youngster living in the ghetto is unlikely to become wealthy through a Harvard education,but some of his desires may be met through behaviors like theft,drug dealing,and robbery.This illustrates:

According to sociologist Walter Reckless' __________ theory,society produces pushes and pulls that move people toward criminal behavior; however,some people "insulate" themselves from such pressures by having positive self-esteem and good group cohesion.

People who think of themselves as __________ may wear black trench coats,paint their fingernails black,and listen to countercultural musicians.

The Uniform Crime Report gives _____________ of crime in the United States.

____________ is the calculated,unlawful use of physical force or threats Of violence against persons or property in order to intimidate or coerce a Government,organization,or individual for the purpose of gaining some Political,religious,economic,or social objective.

Of all factors associated with crime,the age of the offender is one of the most significant.Arrest rates for index crimes are highest for people between the ages of:

All of the following are considered "victimless" crimes EXCEPT:

Differentiate between the major components of sociologist Walter Reckless' social control theory,sociologist Travis Hirschi's social bonding theory,and the labeling theory.

__________ crimes consist of actions of force or the threat of force against others,including murder,rape,robbery,and aggravated assault.These crimes are probably the most anxiety-provoking of all criminal behavior.