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Exam 10: Mass Wasting

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Question 21

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A common triggering mechanism for mass wasting is:

A) vibrations due to earthquakes.
B) a sudden influx of excessive water.
C) erosion of the slope base.
D) vibrations due to earthquake and a sudden influx of excessive water.
E) vibrations due to earthquakes, a sudden influx of excessive water, and erosion of the slope base.

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Question 22

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The type of mass movement that moves the greatest amount of material downslope is:

A) creep.
B) slumps.
C) rockfall.
D) slides.
E) avalanches.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Question 23

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A general term for mass movements of Earth is ____________________.

Mudflows are particularly common in climates that are:

Because water can be so important in mass movement, what is one of the most effective and inexpensive ways of reducing mass wastage risk and damage?

What is the angle of repose for a slope? What forces are acting? What numerical value does this angle have?

Mass movements in which material flows as a viscous fluid or displays plastic movement are termed ____________________.

Creep occurs only on weathered or soil-covered surfaces of moderate slope.

____________________ can be constructed to provide support to the base of a slope. They are anchored into bedrock, backfilled with crushed rock, and provided with drain holes to prevent buildup of water pressure in the hillside.

Most mass wasting is enhanced or promoted by:

The removal of vegetation is a significant cause of slope failure and mass wasting.

Creep is most effective and significant in a(n) ____________________ climate.

Overloading of a slope is rarely the fault of human action.

The downslope movement of water-saturated surface sediment is called ____________________.

After gravity, the major cause of mass wasting is:

Rising global temperatures will make construction in permafrost regions more unstable.

Which of the following mass wasting phenomena (flow, slide, fall, creep) has the fastest rate of flow and why?

What is meant by the term "flow" when used with reference to mass movements?

Permafrost lies beneath ____% of the land surface on Earth.

What is shear strength? What factors collectively define a slope's shear strength?