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Exam 21: The Biology of Chronic Disease

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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Sarah is a little underweight for her size. As a result, her leptin levels will be __________ if she gained a bit more weight.

A) higher than
B) lower than
C) the same as
D) either higher than or the same as

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Question 22

Multiple Choice

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As levels of body fat increase, leptin levels __________ and appetite is __________.

A) increase; suppressed
B) increase; stimulated
C) decrease; stimulated
D) decrease; suppressed

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 23

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following is incorrectly paired?

Prior to the S phase of the cell cycle, a cell passes through a regulatory checkpoint. If mutations are detected in the cell, the __________ will initiate cell death.

Which of the following is true about plaques?

Erica is taking birth control pills that have high levels of estrogen. Which of the following is true about estrogen?

An agent that causes genetic mutations is called __________.

Vance Alexander is a professor of epidemiology and environmental medicine at Washington State University's School of Veterinary Medicine. He and his team reported that they had found an association between the risk of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder in Scotties and the terriers' exposure to lawns treated with commonly used herbicides. The study was based on a survey of owners of 83 Scottish terriers, all of which were about the same age and had bladder cancer. The dog owners documented their terriers' housing, exposure time to the lawn, and information on the lawn treatment used. Those results were then compared to a group of 83 unexposed similarly aged Scotties that were undergoing treatment for unrelated ailments. Dr. Alexander found the occurrence of bladder cancer was between four and seven times higher in the group of dogs exposed to the herbicides. Dr. Alexander stated that Scotties seem to have a genetic susceptibility to this type of cancer. "We choose the Scottish terrier because we had done a previous study to show that this breed had a higher risk of bladder cancer compared to all other breeds-about 18-fold greater risk." As with people, cancer is much more common among dogs that are obese and have low activity levels. Obesity and activity level are thus considered __________ for cancer in dogs.

Vance Alexander is a professor of epidemiology and environmental medicine at Washington State University's School of Veterinary Medicine. He and his team reported that they had found an association between the risk of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder in Scotties and the terriers' exposure to lawns treated with commonly used herbicides. The study was based on a survey of owners of 83 Scottish terriers, all of which were about the same age and had bladder cancer. The dog owners documented their terriers' housing, exposure time to the lawn, and information on the lawn treatment used. Those results were then compared to a group of 83 unexposed similarly aged Scotties that were undergoing treatment for unrelated ailments. Dr. Alexander found the occurrence of bladder cancer was between four and seven times higher in the group of dogs exposed to the herbicides. Dr. Alexander stated that Scotties seem to have a genetic susceptibility to this type of cancer. "We choose the Scottish terrier because we had done a previous study to show that this breed had a higher risk of bladder cancer compared to all other breeds-about 18-fold greater risk." What would be considered the control group in this experiment?

Why is hypertension common among elderly people?

Alex has just given blood at the Red Cross blood drive. Immediately afterward, his systolic blood pressure would likely be __________.

Sandra has spent quite a bit of time in the sun. UVA has led to mutations in some of her cells, but this damage was repaired by __________.

Mutations in which of the following are most likely to lead to cancer?

Which of the following have a thicker muscular wall?

The minimum number of mutations that is required before cancer is likely to develop is _____.

DNA replication occurs during the __________ of the cell cycle.

Vance Alexander is a professor of epidemiology and environmental medicine at Washington State University's School of Veterinary Medicine. He and his team reported that they had found an association between the risk of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder in Scotties and the terriers' exposure to lawns treated with commonly used herbicides. The study was based on a survey of owners of 83 Scottish terriers, all of which were about the same age and had bladder cancer. The dog owners documented their terriers' housing, exposure time to the lawn, and information on the lawn treatment used. Those results were then compared to a group of 83 unexposed similarly aged Scotties that were undergoing treatment for unrelated ailments. Dr. Alexander found the occurrence of bladder cancer was between four and seven times higher in the group of dogs exposed to the herbicides. Dr. Alexander stated that Scotties seem to have a genetic susceptibility to this type of cancer. "We choose the Scottish terrier because we had done a previous study to show that this breed had a higher risk of bladder cancer compared to all other breeds-about 18-fold greater risk." The herbicide is an example of a __________.

Stacy has a dog that has a tumor on its back leg. This means the _______________.

Which of the following are involved with tumor suppression?

Skin cancer usually occurs in layer A, which is the __________, and is most often caused by _____.