Question 1

What substance regulates the permeability of the collecting ducts?

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH
B)   K+
C)   Mg+
D)   phosphateE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Where are the stretch receptors known as volume receptors located?

Accepted Answer

A)   atria of the heart
B)   kidneys
C)   bladder
D)   carotid arteriesE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Which substance is reabsorbed by active transport by the proximal tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)   glucose
B)   water
C)   H+
D)   K+E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

What is the approximate hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)   55 mm Hg
B)   15 mm Hg
C)   30 mm Hg
D)   5 mm HgE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

What is the normal osmolality of glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)   300 mOsm/L
B)   1200 mOsm/L
C)   150 mOsm/L
D)   600 mOsm/LE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

What is the average length and width of kidney in an adult?

Accepted Answer

A)   12 cm long and 6 cm wide
B)   6 cm long and 12 cm wide
C)   12cm long and 3 cm wide
D)   6 cm long and 3 cm wideE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

What is one of the earliest clinical manifestations of prerenal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)   a sharp reduction in urine output
B)   a rapid rise in urine output
C)   a sudden drop in K+
D)   a sudden retention of HCO₃-E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

How would the body respond to a systemic capillary pressure of 22 mm Hg?

Accepted Answer

A)   In response to the elevated pressure, fluid would leak into the tissue spaces lowering the blood volume
B)   In response to the decreased pressure, fluid would be absorbed from the interstitial spaces to increase blood volume
C)   In response to the elevated pressure, fluid would be absorbed from the interstitial spaces to increase blood volume
D)   22 mm Hg is the normal systemic capillary prressure so no changes in blood volume would occurE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

When the extracellular fluids become too alkaline,how do the kidneys respond?

Accepted Answer

A)   They excrete HCO₃- into the urine
B)   They excrete HCO₃- into the blood
C)   They add PCO₂ into the blood
D)   They trigger the respiratory centers to hyperventilateE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Approximately what percent of newborns have life-threatening renal malformations?

Accepted Answer

A)   10%
B)   15%
C)   3%
D)   6%E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Which acid base abnormality would be a clinical manifestation of severe renal failure?

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic acidosis
B)   metabolic alkalosis
C)   respiratory acidosis
D)   respiratory alkalosisE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

How does positive pressure ventilation affect urinary output?

Accepted Answer

A)   It impedes venous return which stimulates ADH release and decreases urinary output
B)   It enhances venous return which stimulates ADH release and increases urinary output
C)   It impedes venous return which stimulates aldosterone release and decreases urinary output
D)   It enhances venous return which stimulates alsosterone release and increases urinary outputE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

What is the funnel shaped structure formed within the kidney from the expansion of the ureter?

Accepted Answer

A)   renal pelvis
B)   hilum
C)   medulla
D)   renal papillaeE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 14

Which of the following are prerenal abnormalities?
I.Prostatic hypertrophy
II.Renal ischemia
III.Septicemia
IV.Heart failure

Accepted Answer

A)   III and IV only
B)   II, III, and IV
C)   I and II only
D)   I, II, III, and IVE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 15

What is the normal range for specific gravity of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)   1.003 - 1.030
B)   1.030 - 1.30
C)   1.012-1.033
D)   1.00 -1.002E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following are classified as postrenal abnormalities?
I.Ureteral calculi
II.Bladder outlet obstruction
III.Fluid sequestration

Accepted Answer

A)   I and II only
B)   I, II, and III
C)   I only
D)   III onlyE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 17

Under normal conditions,what is the osmotic pressure of the plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)   30 mm Hg
B)   55 mm Hg
C)   15 mm Hg
D)   5 mm HgE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Which substance is reabsorbed by osmosis in the proximal tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)   water
B)   glucose
C)   H+
D)   K+E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Where does the filtrate go after leaving the glomerular capillaries?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bowman's capsule
B)   loop of Henle
C)   renal pelvis
D)   minor calycesE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

What percent of all cancers of early childhood can be attributed to Wilms' tumors?

Accepted Answer

A)   70%
B)   50%
C)   35%
D)   15%E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 16: Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System

What substance regulates the permeability of the collecting ducts?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where does the filtrate go after leaving the glomerular capillaries?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does positive pressure ventilation affect urinary output?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the average length and width of kidney in an adult?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which substance is reabsorbed by active transport by the proximal tubule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where are the stretch receptors known as volume receptors located?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are classified as postrenal abnormalities? I.Ureteral calculi II.Bladder outlet obstruction III.Fluid sequestration

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How would the body respond to a systemic capillary pressure of 22 mm Hg?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are prerenal abnormalities? I.Prostatic hypertrophy II.Renal ischemia III.Septicemia IV.Heart failure

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the funnel shaped structure formed within the kidney from the expansion of the ureter?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Approximately what percent of newborns have life-threatening renal malformations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under normal conditions,what is the osmotic pressure of the plasma?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the normal osmolality of glomerular filtrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the normal range for specific gravity of urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the approximate hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillary?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What percent of all cancers of early childhood can be attributed to Wilms' tumors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which substance is reabsorbed by osmosis in the proximal tubule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one of the earliest clinical manifestations of prerenal failure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which acid base abnormality would be a clinical manifestation of severe renal failure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the extracellular fluids become too alkaline,how do the kidneys respond?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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