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The Chinese leader responsible for initiating China's post-Mao program of reform and opening was


A) Hu Jintao.
B) Deng Xiaoping.
C) Wen Jiabao.
D) Xi Jinping.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Mao and the Chinese Communist Party's circuitous 1930s retreat westward into China's hinterland was known as the


A) Heroic Retreat.
B) Prelude to Victory.
C) Ten Thousand Li Struggle.
D) Long March.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Briefly discuss China's separatist challenges in both Tibet and Xinjiang.How might China's experiences with Hong Kong and Taiwan have influenced its policies toward these two regions?

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How does the National Party Congress's role in policy making compare to the policy-making role of the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) ?


A) The PSC has near total control over national policy making; the National Party Congress does little more than ratify policies already decided upon, though it does allow for some expression of dissenting opinions.
B) The PSC has full policy-making control over matters of national security and economy, but the National Party Congress is granted legislative (and thus policy) power over most other aspects of national policy.
C) The PSC and the National Party Congress are strongly symbiotic, with leaders of each body meeting privately to negotiate over any major policy change that will strongly affect the country.
D) Neither the PSC nor the National Party Congress exerts much control over policy making, but the National Party Congress does at least generate legislation that becomes a part of the national debate.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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What did Mao intend to accomplish with the Great Leap Forward, and what was its actual result? How did Mao respond to the results of the Great Leap Forward?

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The iron rice bowl refers to


A) China's restrictions against private agriculture.
B) the strong role of the army in Chinese politics.
C) China's continuing reliance on heavy industry over consumer goods.
D) China's welfare system, which includes lifetime health care, work, and retirement security.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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How has the political culture changed in China from pre-communist times to present day? How has China blended Confucian and Maoist (communist) ideology? What obstacles exist for studying political culture in China?

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Which of the following descriptions best characterizes the purpose of the "Three Represents" policy?


A) co-optation of wealthy entrepreneurs into the Chinese Communist Party
B) harmonizing the diplomatic relations of Hong Kong, Taiwan, and China
C) broadening the scope of the special economic zones to include major industrial centers like Beijing
D) extending rudimentary civil rights and voting opportunities to ethnic minorities like Tibetans, Mongolians, and Uighurs

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following statements about the provinces of Xinjiang and Tibet is accurate?


A) The Chinese government has made major investments in transport and communication infrastructure improvement in these regions.
B) Persistently harsh repression has been largely successful in quelling ethnic protest in the regions.
C) Chinese leaders have periodically engaged in negotiations for independence in these provinces but have never granted it, even for provisional periods.
D) What little independence is to be had in these regions stems in large part from the Chinese government's continued disinterest in their strategic value or natural resources.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Why does the process of political succession pose such a challenge to the dominance of the CCP? How have leaders sought to deal with the issue of political succession in China?

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