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To be called a "planter," one had to


A) own at least twenty slaves.
B) work alongside slaves.
C) be engaged in the slave trade.
D) remain part of the lower farming class.
E) avoid involvement in politics.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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The frequency of dueling in the South was probably caused by


A) the certainty that possible outcomes would exclude death.
B) the lack of social status of the participants.
C) the legality of dueling in most states.
D) the wider prevalence of dueling in the rest of the nation.
E) southerners' exalted sense of pride.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Approximately how many slaves joined Christian denominations by 1860?


A) none
B) 100 percent
C) more than half
D) 20 percent
E) less than 1 percent

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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What were the major social groups within southern white society? Why did each group support the expansion of slavery?

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Match each description with the item below. -Nat Turner


A) plotted an unsuccessful slave revolt near Richmond with the false expectation that "poor whites" would join
B) was hanged for killing her master while he was sexually assaulting her and, because she was enslaved, was kept from testifying
C) ran away from slavery in Maryland and became an outspoken critic of the institution
D) was a plantation mistress and a critic of gender roles within the plantation system
E) led a successful slave revolt on Saint-Domingue, the world's richest colony, terrifying many whites
F) plotted an unsuccessful slave rebellion in South Carolina in which blacks were to capture the city's arsenal
G) was a free black man from New York kidnapped and sold into slavery in the South and later wrote Twelve Years a Slave
H) led the largest slave revolt in American history north of New Orleans, resulting in the torture and killing of participants
I) is the author of the anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, portraying southern planters as cunning capitalists who brutalized slaves
J) led a slave revolt in Southampton County, Virginia, that led the Virginia legislature to debate the abolition of slavery and states to create more armed patrols

K) B) and H)
L) D) and J)

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By 1860, slavery was MOST concentrated


A) in the Lower South.
B) in the Carolinas.
C) in the Upper South.
D) in Texas and Louisiana.
E) equally through the South.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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Celia was an example of a slave who eventually escaped slavery and lived a prosperous life.

A) True
B) False

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Why did southern whites who did not even own slaves support the system of slavery?


A) They feared the wrath of planters for speaking out against it.
B) They were too uneducated to notice any kind of moral dilemma.
C) They still benefited from the social advantage of having a class of people beneath them.
D) They hoped to gain the favor of the planter class by supporting what planters supported.
E) They were indifferent to the continuation of slavery and supported it by default.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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What was the MOST profitable form of agriculture in the South prior to the rise of cotton?


A) swine
B) rice
C) indigo
D) tobacco
E) sugar

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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By the early nineteenth century, the South's sugar sector was


A) the single biggest cash crop from the South thanks to slavery.
B) widespread because it required the use of little machinery.
C) second only to rice production in economic significance.
D) the number-one cash crop in the Carolinas due to the climate there.
E) largely based just in Louisiana because it was so expensive to produce.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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In the first half of the nineteenth century, which of the following states was in the region considered the Old Southwest?


A) Virginia
B) North Carolina
C) Mississippi
D) Kentucky
E) South Carolina

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Though rare, there were black slave owners in the South.

A) True
B) False

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The most numerous white southerners were the yeoman farmers and they were


A) well educated and middle class.
B) poor and illiterate.
C) well educated and urban.
D) the owners of the most slaves.
E) universally opposed to slavery.

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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Life in the Old Southwest was characterized by


A) a lack of women.
B) pleasant working conditions.
C) prohibition of alcohol.
D) pacifism.
E) opposition to slavery.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Slaves living in southern cities had a much different experience from those on farms because


A) they were able to interact with an extended interracial community.
B) they held political power.
C) they almost always received a formal education.
D) there were no women slaves in urban areas.
E) only free blacks could own slaves in the city.

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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As a result of the South's emphasis on agriculture, the population of the South


A) saw very little immigration and was primarily native-born.
B) steadily declined as people moved north to take jobs in factories.
C) exploded as farming families tended to have large numbers of children.
D) benefited from having all the main shipping routes to Europe in the South.
E) declined for whites, but was offset by an increase in slave births.

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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During the nineteenth century, major slave rebellions


A) occurred frequently.
B) were rare.
C) were sometimes joined by poor whites.
D) had about even odds of success.
E) happened most often in the Lower South.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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To what extend was the entirety of southern society, and not just economics, based on slavery?

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Slavery was a fundamental institution in...

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With how numerous and entrenched plantations were in the southern economy, even most "poor whites" owned plantations in the South.

A) True
B) False

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As the first half of the nineteenth century progressed, southern slave owners acquired additional slaves from


A) Africa.
B) Brazil.
C) the domestic slave trade.
D) the West Indies.
E) Asia.

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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