Question 1

Resistance factor plasmids are transferred to other bacterial cells during transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Selective toxicity refers to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   damage to pathogenic organisms
B)   damage to prokaryotic cell membranes
C)   damage to the target organisms but not host cells
D)   damage to nucleic acids
E)   None of the choices are correct.F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

The in vitro susceptibility of the pathogen is established and the patient is maintained on sulfasoxazole. If no in vivo effect of the drug is observed by the patient following the first 7 days of antibiotics, what is the most appropriate action by the medical team?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increase the dose of sulfasoxazole
B)   Discontinue antibiotic therapy
C)   Discontinue sulfasoxazole and initiate a new antibiotic
D)   Initiate antiviral therapyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Each of the following target bacterial ribosomes except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   streptomycin
B)   gentamycin
C)   polymyxins
D)   tetracycline
E)   erythromycinF) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

The MIC is the smallest concentration of an antimicrobial required to inhibit the growth of the microbe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Semisynthetic penicillins have an advantage over their naturally occurring counterparts in that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   they have a broader target range and are less susceptible to penicillinases
B)   they target both cell wall synthesis and protein synthesis by binding to the 30s ribosome
C)   they can target both bacterial and eukaryotic organisms
D)   they cause fewer allergic reactions than naturally occurring penicillinsE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Micafungin and caspofungin are antifungal drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis. They belong to the group of drugs known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   echinocandins
B)   macrolide polyenes
C)   azoles
D)   allylaminesE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 8

Naturally-produced penicillins are most effective against gram-positive bacteria because ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   they prevent the synthesis of peptidoglycan which comprises the gram-positive cell wall
B)   they target the enzymes needed by gram-positive cells for ATP production
C)   they inhibit the permeability of the gram-positive cell membrane
D)   they target the 30s subunit of the gram-positive ribosomeE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

Ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat ________ infections.

Accepted Answer

A)   bacterial
B)   fungal
C)   protozoan
D)   helminthic
E)   viralF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, mezlocillin, and penicillin G all ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   target the cell wall
B)   have resistance to the action of penicillinase
C)   are semisynthetic
D)   have an expanded spectrum of activity
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobials in broth, and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen. What is this microbiologist setting up?

Accepted Answer

A)   Kirby-Bauer
B)   Antibiogram
C)   E-test
D)   MIC
E)   Therapeutic index (TI) F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

An antiviral that is a guanine analog would have an antiviral mode of action that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   blocks penetration
B)   blocks transcription and translation
C)   inhibits DNA synthesis
D)   blocks maturation
E)   bonds to ergosterol in the cell membraneF) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 13

The drug that can cause injury to red blood cells and white blood cells is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   chloramphenicol
B)   clindamycin
C)   ciprofloxacin
D)   bacitracin
E)   gentamicinF) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

Which newer synthetic drug is used to treat MRSA and VRE infections?

Accepted Answer

A)   Synercid
B)   Clindamycin
C)   Linezolid
D)   Azithromycin
E)   ClarithromycinF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

Which of the following is not a drug group used to treat fungal infections?

Accepted Answer

A)   Quinolones
B)   Macrolide polyenes
C)   Echinocandins
D)   Synthetic azoles
E)   AllylaminesF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 16

Each of the following is a mechanism for drug resistance transfer between microorganisms except ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   transduction
B)   R-plasmids
C)   conjugation
D)   mutation
E)   transformationF) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 17

Primaquine and chloroquine are drugs used in the treatment of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   gram-positive infections
B)   gram-negative infections
C)   fungal infections
D)   protozoan infections
E)   viral infectionsF) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

The RN conducting the research study most appropriately hypothesizes that probiotics may alleviate which of the following side effects of antimicrobial therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)   Headache
B)   Nausea
C)   Diarrhea
D)   Skin rashE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, are synthetic drugs that interfere with the action of DNA helicases. This means that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the bacterial cell will die since it cannot replicate or transcribe its DNA
B)   binary fission cannot take place because the cell cannot make proteins
C)   the bacterial cell will die since it cannot take in nutrients across the cell membrane
D)   the cell will die because it cannot make folic acid, which is a precursor to DNA and RNA, as well as amino acidsE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Which antimicrobial does not interfere with protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Aminoglycosides
B)   Tetracyclines
C)   Erythromycin
D)   Trimethroprim
E)   GentamicinF) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Exam 10: Antimicrobial Treatment

The RN conducting the research study most appropriately hypothesizes that probiotics may alleviate which of the following side effects of antimicrobial therapy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Semisynthetic penicillins have an advantage over their naturally occurring counterparts in that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin, are synthetic drugs that interfere with the action of DNA helicases. This means that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a drug group used to treat fungal infections?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The in vitro susceptibility of the pathogen is established and the patient is maintained on sulfasoxazole. If no in vivo effect of the drug is observed by the patient following the first 7 days of antibiotics, what is the most appropriate action by the medical team?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Naturally-produced penicillins are most effective against gram-positive bacteria because ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Selective toxicity refers to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which antimicrobial does not interfere with protein synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat ________ infections.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Micafungin and caspofungin are antifungal drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis. They belong to the group of drugs known as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An antiviral that is a guanine analog would have an antiviral mode of action that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Primaquine and chloroquine are drugs used in the treatment of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobials in broth, and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen. What is this microbiologist setting up?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The drug that can cause injury to red blood cells and white blood cells is ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The MIC is the smallest concentration of an antimicrobial required to inhibit the growth of the microbe.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which newer synthetic drug is used to treat MRSA and VRE infections?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ampicillin, amoxicillin, mezlocillin, and penicillin G all ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following is a mechanism for drug resistance transfer between microorganisms except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each of the following target bacterial ribosomes except ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Resistance factor plasmids are transferred to other bacterial cells during transformation, transduction, and conjugation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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