Question 1

Which antimicrobic does not inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)   gentamicin
B)   vancomycin
C)   cephalosporins
D)   penicllins
E)   clavamoxF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

The cellular basis for bacterial resistance to antimicrobics include

Accepted Answer

A)   bacterial chromosomal mutations.
B)   synthesis of enzymes that alter drug structure.
C)   prevention of drug entry into the cell.
D)   alteration of drug receptors on cell targets.
E)   All of these choices are correct.F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 3

Why has the United States and Europe banned the use of human drugs in animal feeds?

Accepted Answer

A)   Because it makes the animals grow too large.
B)   Because it causes infections in the cows and poultry fed them.
C)   Because it raises the price of the meat too high.
D)   Because it contributes to the growing drug resistance problem.
E)   All of these choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following is/are true of antibiotic usage and the development of antibiotic resistance?

Accepted Answer

A)   Antibiotics cause mutations antibiotics are mutagens) , thus resulting in increasingly resistant bacterial populations.
B)   Antibiotics increase the rate of bacterial transformation, conjugation, and transduction, and thus increase the spread of antibiotic resistance.
C)   Antibiotics cause R-plids to form and cause their transfer, spreading antibiotic resistance.
D)   Antibiotics select for resistant mutants and bacteria possessing R-plids, increasing their frequency in the population.
E)   All of these choices are correct.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

When a patient's immune system reacts adversely to a drug, this serious side effect is called a superinfection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fleming-penicillin
B)   Domagk-sulfonamide
C)   Ehrlich-tetracycline
D)   Florey and Chain-penicillinE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Describe how the therapeutic index of a drug is determined and explain its function.

Accepted Answer

The therapeutic index of a drug is deter...

Question 8

All of the following pertain to fluoroquinolones except

Accepted Answer

A)   they are broad spectrum.
B)   they include ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin.
C)   they are nephrotoxic.
D)   they are used to treat respiratory, urinary, and sexually-transmitted infections.
E)   they work by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication.F) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 9

A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobics in broth, and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen. What is this microbiologist setting up?

Accepted Answer

A)   Kirby-Bauer test
B)   antibiogram
C)   E-test
D)   minimum inhibitory concentration MI
C)  
E)   therapeutic index TI) F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

All of the following information should be considered in managing antimicrobial drugs for a patient, except

Accepted Answer

A)   possible allergies.
B)   liver and/or kidney disease.
C)   age of patient.
D)   other drugs the patient is taking.
E)   There are no exceptions. All of this information is important.F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 11

_____ are plids that contain genes for resistance to a drug.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ are plids that contain genes for...

Question 12

All of the following are problems in the management of antibiotic usage, except

Accepted Answer

A)   the selection of antibiotics based on results of appropriate antibiotic susceptibility testing.
B)   the sale of many antibiotics over-the-counter in foreign countries.
C)   extensive use of broad-spectrum drugs for minor infections.
D)   the use of antibiotics for upper respiratory viral infections.
E)   There are no exceptions here. All of these are challenges in the management of antibiotic usage.F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 13

Ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _____ infections.

Accepted Answer

A)   bacterial
B)   fungal
C)   protozoan
D)   helminthic
E)   virusF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for zidovudine?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a thymine analog that interferes with the synthesis of DNA from the HIV RNA template.
B)   It directly binds to reverse transcriptase and prevents reverse transcription of HIV RNA.
C)   It inhibits the assembly of HIV particles.
D)   It inhibits fusion of the viral envelope and host cell envelope.
E)   It prevents the viral DNA from integrating in the host chromosome.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 15

________ are preparations of live microorganisms that are fed to animals and humans to modify the intestinal flora.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are preparations of live microorganisms that...

Question 16

A "shotgun" approach to antimicrobial therapy involves

Accepted Answer

A)   giving a narrow-spectrum drug.
B)   culturing the pathogen and identifying it.
C)   performing the disk diffusion assay.
D)   using a broad-spectrum drug so that the chance of killing the pathogen is greater.
E)   using antiviral and antibiotic drugs in combination.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Drugs that are hepatotoxic cause damage to a patient's kidneys.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The MIC is the smallest concentration of an antimicrobic required to inhibit the growth of the microbe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Salvarsan was

Accepted Answer

A)   discovered in the mid 1900s.
B)   used to treat syphilis.
C)   formulated from the red dye prontosil.
D)   first discovered as a product of Penicillium notatum.
E)   discovered by Robert Koch.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 20

Janice has just had hip replacement surgery and her physician has prescribed antibiotics and directed her to take them every time she has a dental appointment. This is an example of antibiotic

Accepted Answer

A)   synergy.
B)   prophylaxis.
C)   allergy.
D)   abuse.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 12: Drugs, Microbes, Host--The Elements of Chemotherapy

Describe how the therapeutic index of a drug is determined and explain its function.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe therapeutic index of a drug is deter...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following describes the mechanism of action for zidovudine?

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Drugs that are hepatotoxic cause damage to a patient's kidneys.

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All of the following information should be considered in managing antimicrobial drugs for a patient, except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A "shotgun" approach to antimicrobial therapy involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cellular basis for bacterial resistance to antimicrobics include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a patient's immune system reacts adversely to a drug, this serious side effect is called a superinfection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Janice has just had hip replacement surgery and her physician has prescribed antibiotics and directed her to take them every time she has a dental appointment. This is an example of antibiotic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is mismatched?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The MIC is the smallest concentration of an antimicrobic required to inhibit the growth of the microbe.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why has the United States and Europe banned the use of human drugs in animal feeds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following pertain to fluoroquinolones except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used to treat _____ infections.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are problems in the management of antibiotic usage, except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Salvarsan was

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_____ are plids that contain genes for resistance to a drug.

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A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobics in broth, and then incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen. What is this microbiologist setting up?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which antimicrobic does not inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is/are true of antibiotic usage and the development of antibiotic resistance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ are preparations of live microorganisms that are fed to animals and humans to modify the intestinal flora.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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