Question 1

Paul Ekman and Walter Friesen (1971) demonstrated that Fore tribespeople from a preliterate culture in New Guinea were able to decode facial expressions of Westerners and encode emotion easily interpretable by Westerners.Their findings suggest that Darwin was

Accepted Answer

A)  right-facial expressions are species-specific.
B)  right-facial expressions are gender-specific.
C)  wrong-facial expressions are culture-specific.
D)  right-facial expressions are culture-specific.
E)  wrong-facial expressions are universal among humans.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 2

Both the fundamental attribution error and the actor/observer difference are due in large part to

Accepted Answer

A)  heuristic cues.
B)  perceptual salience.
C)  schematic interference.
D)  the false consensus effect.
E)  gender.F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 3

When distinctiveness is _______,consensus is _______,and consistency is high,people are likely to make an external attribution.

Accepted Answer

A)  high or low; low only
B)  high; high
C)  high; low
D)  low; high
E)  low; lowF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 4

Why is belief in a just world a self-serving belief?

Accepted Answer

A)  We can convince ourselves that we are safe from misfortunes.
B)  We can explain away our past mistakes.
C)  We can help avoid future misfortunes.
D)  We can convince ourselves that we are superior.
E)  We can avoid blame for factors beyond our control.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

The belief in a just world is a _______ that helps people _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  defensive attribution; explain away their failures.
B)  correspondence attribution; maintain a positive self-concept.
C)  fundamental attribution error; protect their self-esteem.
D)  biased attribution; excuse their failures.
E)  defensive attribution; view life as safe,orderly,and predictable.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 6

Naturalist Charles Darwin (1872) argued that nonverbal behaviours began as _______ and then became _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological responses; culture-specific.
B)  evolutionary adaptations; communicative.
C)  physiological responses; evolutionarily adaptive.
D)  species-specific; culture-specific.
E)  culture-specific; physiological responses.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 7

After managing to make it to the final five players on Survivor,a low profile (and somewhat underrated contestant) named Sam expresses loyalty to one player but then votes against him at Tribal Council.If you assume that Sam is a manipulative liar this means that you have probably

Accepted Answer

A)  demonstrated the misinformation effect.
B)  fallen prey to the fundamental attribution error.
C)  displayed self-serving attributions.
D)  overestimated the situational constraints on Sam's behaviour.
E)  excused Sam's lying behaviour.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

Which of the following aspects of nonverbal expression do not differ between cultures?

Accepted Answer

A)  eye contact in children
B)  expressions of happiness by males and females
C)  expressions of sadness by males and females
D)  importance of the face in communicating emotional states
E)  eye contact in adultsF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

_______ are culture-specific norms that dictate what kinds of emotional expression are allowed.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonverbal rules
B)  Display rules
C)  Expressive norms
D)  External rules
E)  Encoding rulesF) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

The six major facial expressions discussed in the text are widely considered to be

Accepted Answer

A)  universal.
B)  developmentally determined.
C)  primate-specific.
D)  variable across culture.
E)  culture-specific.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 11

Marsha believes that supermodels,like Tyra Banks and Cindy Crawford,are beautiful,but shallow and not very smart.Peter agrees that these models are beautiful,but he associates beauty with wit and charm.This difference between Marsha and Peter illustrates that implicit personality theories are

Accepted Answer

A)  useful corrections for our initial biases.
B)  gender-specific.
C)  idiosyncratic and often inaccurate.
D)  formed on the spot.
E)  often grounded in empirical evidence.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

How have researchers collected evidence that there are six major human emotions conveyed via facial expressions?

Accepted Answer

Researchers such as Paul Ekman and Walte...

Question 13

Which of the following was presented in the text as a possible reason why athletes attribute wins to their own behaviour and losses to external factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-serving attributions are partly due to the values that we are taught in Western culture.
B)  Engaging in self-serving attributions is motivated by a need to protect one's self-esteem.
C)  The operation of judgmental heuristics leads to a tendency to engage in self-serving attributions.
D)  The behaviours in a winning effort are more perceptually salient than those in a losing effort.
E)  Athletes are particularly likely to commit the fundamental attribution error.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

Cross cultural research has found that common attributional biases shown in the West are less common in East Asian cultures. Briefly describe TWO attributional biases for which there are cultural differences and explain the non-Western pattern shown in research.

Accepted Answer

Students can use any two of the followin...

Question 15

The other day Bill was in the coffee shop and Terry looked him right in the eye and gave him a big smile.For an instant Bill thought that perhaps Terry was attracted to him,but then he concluded,"Terry always looks people in the eye and smiles at them." According to Kelley's covariation model,Bill's conclusion is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  how a lifetime of rejection can produce bitterness and pessimism.
B)  low consistency.
C)  high distinctiveness.
D)  low distinctiveness.
E)  high consistency.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 16

Based on research by Fincham on attributions of married couples,consider the following couple: Dean claims that every time Erica does something kind it is just because she wants to impress his mother,and every time she does something rude he says it is because she is a mean person.What kind of relationship are they most likely to have?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are a very satisfied and happy couple.
B)  They are a very dissatisfied and troubled couple.
C)  There is no way to judge based on attributions.
D)  It depends on the gender roles of the society they live in.
E)  They have a competitive relationship,due to Dean's self-serving bias.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 17

Research on cultural differences in nonverbal behaviour (Masuda et al.,2008) found that when interpreting the facial expressions of a central figure American subjects were influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  the facial expressions of the surrounding group of people only.
B)  the facial expression of the central figure only.
C)  the facial expressions of both the central figure and the surrounding group of people.
D)  both the facial expressions of the surrounding group of people and the mood of the landscape.
E)  a more 'panoramic' view of the scene compared to Japanese subjects.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 18

_______ is to species-specific as _______ are to culture-specific.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gaze; nonverbal behaviours
B)  Personal space; verbal behaviours
C)  Facial expression; emblems
D)  Verbal behaviour; nonverbal behaviours
E)  Gaze; emblemsF) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a conclusions from research about gender differences in nonverbal behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Females are more likely than males to mimic other people's smiles.
B)  It is easier to detect angry expressions on male faces than on female faces.
C)  Subjects were more accurate in detecting happy expressions on female faces than on male faces.
D)  A smile is often decoded as pride,especially on a male face.
E)  The costs of decoding facial expressions inaccurately will depend on the gender of encoder and decoder.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 20

The text presents a study by Masuda and his colleagues (2008) that examined cultural differences in social perception.They compared how participants perceived a central character when the surrounding characters in a picture either matched or did not match the central character's facial expression.What implications does this study have for the idea of analytic and holistic thinking styles?

Accepted Answer

A)  It implies that holistic thinking styles are better than analytic ones.
B)  It implies that analytic thinking styles are more primitive than holistic ones.
C)  It implies that holistic thinking leads people to more carefully consider social context.
D)  It implies that analytic thinking is erroneous in social contexts.
E)  It implies that analytic thinking leads people to take account of more information in a social setting.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Exam 4: Social Perception

Cross cultural research has found that common attributional biases shown in the West are less common in East Asian cultures. Briefly describe TWO attributional biases for which there are cultural differences and explain the non-Western pattern shown in research.

Correct Answer
verified
Students can use any two of the followin...
View Answer

How have researchers collected evidence that there are six major human emotions conveyed via facial expressions?

Correct Answer
verified
Researchers such as Paul Ekman and Walte...
View Answer

Naturalist Charles Darwin (1872) argued that nonverbal behaviours began as _ and then became _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Marsha believes that supermodels,like Tyra Banks and Cindy Crawford,are beautiful,but shallow and not very smart.Peter agrees that these models are beautiful,but he associates beauty with wit and charm.This difference between Marsha and Peter illustrates that implicit personality theories are

Correct Answer
verified

_ is to species-specific as _ are to culture-specific.

Correct Answer
verified

_______ are culture-specific norms that dictate what kinds of emotional expression are allowed.

Correct Answer
verified

The six major facial expressions discussed in the text are widely considered to be

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following aspects of nonverbal expression do not differ between cultures?

Correct Answer
verified

Paul Ekman and Walter Friesen (1971) demonstrated that Fore tribespeople from a preliterate culture in New Guinea were able to decode facial expressions of Westerners and encode emotion easily interpretable by Westerners.Their findings suggest that Darwin was

Correct Answer
verified

Both the fundamental attribution error and the actor/observer difference are due in large part to

Correct Answer
verified

Why is belief in a just world a self-serving belief?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a conclusions from research about gender differences in nonverbal behaviour?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

After managing to make it to the final five players on Survivor,a low profile (and somewhat underrated contestant) named Sam expresses loyalty to one player but then votes against him at Tribal Council.If you assume that Sam is a manipulative liar this means that you have probably

Correct Answer
verified

When distinctiveness is _,consensus is _,and consistency is high,people are likely to make an external attribution.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following was presented in the text as a possible reason why athletes attribute wins to their own behaviour and losses to external factors?

Correct Answer
verified

The belief in a just world is a _ that helps people _.

Correct Answer
verified

Research on cultural differences in nonverbal behaviour (Masuda et al.,2008) found that when interpreting the facial expressions of a central figure American subjects were influenced by

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Social Perception

Cross cultural research has found that common attributional biases shown in the West are less common in East Asian cultures. Briefly describe TWO attributional biases for which there are cultural differences and explain the non-Western pattern shown in research.

Correct AnswerverifiedStudents can use any two of the followin...View AnswerShow Answer

How have researchers collected evidence that there are six major human emotions conveyed via facial expressions?

Correct AnswerverifiedResearchers such as Paul Ekman and Walte...View AnswerShow Answer

Naturalist Charles Darwin (1872) argued that nonverbal behaviours began as _______ and then became _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marsha believes that supermodels,like Tyra Banks and Cindy Crawford,are beautiful,but shallow and not very smart.Peter agrees that these models are beautiful,but he associates beauty with wit and charm.This difference between Marsha and Peter illustrates that implicit personality theories are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______ is to species-specific as _______ are to culture-specific.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______ are culture-specific norms that dictate what kinds of emotional expression are allowed.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The six major facial expressions discussed in the text are widely considered to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following aspects of nonverbal expression do not differ between cultures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Paul Ekman and Walter Friesen (1971) demonstrated that Fore tribespeople from a preliterate culture in New Guinea were able to decode facial expressions of Westerners and encode emotion easily interpretable by Westerners.Their findings suggest that Darwin was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Both the fundamental attribution error and the actor/observer difference are due in large part to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is belief in a just world a self-serving belief?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a conclusions from research about gender differences in nonverbal behaviour?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After managing to make it to the final five players on Survivor,a low profile (and somewhat underrated contestant) named Sam expresses loyalty to one player but then votes against him at Tribal Council.If you assume that Sam is a manipulative liar this means that you have probably

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When distinctiveness is _______,consensus is _______,and consistency is high,people are likely to make an external attribution.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following was presented in the text as a possible reason why athletes attribute wins to their own behaviour and losses to external factors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The belief in a just world is a _______ that helps people _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on cultural differences in nonverbal behaviour (Masuda et al.,2008) found that when interpreting the facial expressions of a central figure American subjects were influenced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Students can use any two of the followin...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Researchers such as Paul Ekman and Walte...
View Answer

Naturalist Charles Darwin (1872) argued that nonverbal behaviours began as _ and then became _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

_ is to species-specific as _ are to culture-specific.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

When distinctiveness is _,consensus is _,and consistency is high,people are likely to make an external attribution.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The belief in a just world is a _ that helps people _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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