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Match each hormone with its effects. a.thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH); also named thyrotropin b.prolactin c.growth hormone (GH); also named adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) d.somatotropin e.luteinizing hormone (LH) f.follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) g.oxytocin h.vasopressin -Acts on the entire body to promote protein synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and bone and skeletal muscle growth

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Steroid hormones


A) bind with a receptor on the cell wall, triggering a second messenger system.
B) pass through the cell wall and bind with receptors in the nucleus of the cell.
C) pass through the cell wall and activate specific enzymes, which trigger a reaction.
D) attach to the cell wall and act as receptors for circulating hormones.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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What occurs between meals when blood sugar levels decline?


A) Alpha cells secrete the hormone glucagon.
B) Beta cells secrete the hormone insulin.
C) Delta cells secrete somatostatin.
D) The zona fasciculata secretes glucocorticoids.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone may result in which disorder?


A) Cretinism
B) Goiter
C) Gigantism
D) Grave's disease

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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After undergoing surgical removal of the thyroid gland, the patient begins to experience severe muscle spasms. What is the most likely cause?


A) Removal of the thyroid gland triggered a release of parathyroid hormone, which caused calcium to move from the bones into the blood.
B) Removal of the thyroid gland would suppress levels of calcitonin, and blood calcium levels would decline.
C) The parathyroid glands were most likely removed along with the thyroid, causing parathyroid hormone levels to decrease and blood calcium levels to decline.
D) Removal of the thyroid gland interfered with the activation of vitamin D, interfering with the ability of the intestines to absorb calcium from food.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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C

Which of the following statements about the pancreas is correct?


A) It is primarily an endocrine gland.
B) It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.
C) Pancreatic islets consist of a single cell type.
D) It lies just in front of the stomach.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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What is the mechanism whereby one endocrine gland stimulates another endocrine gland to secrete a hormone, which, in turn, causes the first endocrine gland to stop production of its hormone?


A) Negative feedback
B) Positive feedback
C) Second messenger system
D) Hormone-inhibiting mechanism

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Calcitonin exerts its effect on which organ?


A) Bones
B) Kidneys
C) Intestines
D) Liver

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The more ____________________ a cell has, the more sensitive it will be to a hormone.

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What effect do glucagon, catecholamines, and glucocorticoids have in common?


A) They are secreted in response to stress.
B) They boost blood glucose levels.
C) They cause blood glucose levels to fall.
D) They are secreted when blood glucose levels fall.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is one of the effects of parathyroid hormone?


A) The movement of calcium from blood to bone
B) The excretion of calcium in the intestines
C) The reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys
D) Increase the rate of metabolism

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which cells secrete the hormone insulin?


A) Alpha cells
B) Beta cells
C) Delta cells
D) Islet cells

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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The cells of the ovarian follicle secrete the hormone ____________________.

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Match each hormone with its effects. a.thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH); also named thyrotropin b.prolactin c.growth hormone (GH); also named adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) d.somatotropin e.luteinizing hormone (LH) f.follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) g.oxytocin h.vasopressin -Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands in female individuals

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Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is true?


A) Endocrine glands are ductless glands that secrete their hormone into the bloodstream.
B) Endocrine glands respond quickly to stimuli.
C) The endocrine system exerts short-lived effects.
D) The endocrine system adapts quickly to continual stimulation.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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An increase in hormone output from the zona glomerulosa region of the adrenal cortex would mostly likely produce which sign?


A) Increased levels of sodium
B) Increased blood glucose levels
C) Increased levels of potassium
D) Dehydration

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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A

Which of the following statements about the adrenal cortex correct?


A) It contains modified neurons called chromaffin cells.
B) It acts as part of the sympathetic nervous system.
C) It consists of three layers, each of which secretes a different corticosteroid.
D) It helps boost glucose levels by breaking down glycogen into glucose.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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How does thyroid hormone affect heat production?


A) It causes shivering, which increases warmth.
B) It stimulates metabolism, which increases warmth.
C) It promotes the secretion of catecholamines, which dilates blood vessels and, therefore, increases warmth.
D) It increases the heart rate, which promotes circulation to increase warmth.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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B

The adrenal cortex consists of ____________________ tissue; these cells secrete different types of ____________________.

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glandular,...

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The principal mineralocorticoid is ____________________.

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