Question 1

Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck best illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditional positive regard.
B)   reciprocal determinism.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   self-serving bias.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

According to Freud,the unconscious is

Accepted Answer

A)   the part of personality that cannot process information.
B)   the thoughts,wishes,feelings,and memories of which we are largely unaware.
C)   a set of universal concepts acquired by all humans from our common past.
D)   a reservoir of deeply repressed memories that do not affect behavior.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

According to psychoanalytic theory,boys' fear of castration is most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

A)   an oral fixation.
B)   free association.
C)   the reality principle.
D)   the Oedipus complex.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

Most college students perceive themselves as less likely than their average classmate to have a heart attack by age 40.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditional positive regard.
B)   the spotlight effect.
C)   unrealistic optimism.
D)   narcissism.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 5

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of

Accepted Answer

A)   neuroticism.
B)   extraversion.
C)   openness.
D)   conscientiousness.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Sigmund Freud explained personality in terms of unconscious motivations,whereas ________ described personality in terms of enduring traits.

Accepted Answer

A)   Gordon Allport
B)   Carl Rogers
C)   Abraham Maslow
D)   B.F.SkinnerE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 7

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classifies people according to personality types identified by

Accepted Answer

A)   Gordon Allport.
B)   Carl Jung.
C)   Sigmund Freud.
D)   Carl Rogers.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Which personality theory emphasizes the importance of our capacity for healthy growth and self-realization?

Accepted Answer

A)   psychoanalytic
B)   social-cognitive
C)   humanistic
D)   traitE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 9

The tendency to accept more personal responsibility for one's successes than for one's failures best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   reciprocal determinism.
B)   self-serving bias.
C)   unconditional positive regard.
D)   the spotlight effect.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Carl Jung emphasized the importance of ________ in personality functioning.

Accepted Answer

A)   inferiority feelings
B)   psychosexual stages
C)   the collective unconscious
D)   defense mechanismsE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 11

People with high self-esteem are less likely than those with low self-esteem to

Accepted Answer

A)   be persistent at difficult tasks.
B)   overestimate the accuracy of their beliefs.
C)   manifest self-serving bias.
D)   give in to conformity pressures.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Freud suggested that pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones as we progress through various

Accepted Answer

A)   defense mechanisms.
B)   psychosexual stages.
C)   free associations.
D)   identifications.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Which of the following Freudian ideas is most clearly contradicted by contemporary psychological theory and research?

Accepted Answer

A)   Conscious awareness of what goes on in our minds is very limited.
B)   Painful experiences are commonly repressed.
C)   Memories are often distorted and incomplete.
D)   Individuals seek to defend themselves against anxiety.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Using his model of reciprocal determinism,Albert Bandura would consider self-efficacy to be a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   fixation.
B)   defense mechanism.
C)   internal personal factor.
D)   genetic predisposition.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Researchers have found that personal insults are especially likely to trigger a response of aggression from those who experience

Accepted Answer

A)   high self-efficacy.
B)   reaction formation.
C)   inflated self-esteem.
D)   unconditional positive regard.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 16

By professional training,Freud was a

Accepted Answer

A)   philosopher.
B)   sociologist.
C)   physician.
D)   literary scholar.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

In contemporary psychology,the self is considered to be the

Accepted Answer

A)   part of personality that represents our internalized standards of morality.
B)   totality of our feelings of unconditional positive regard.
C)   organizer of our thoughts,feelings,and actions.
D)   inherited reservoir of memory traces from our species' history.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Mrs.Sunstedt believes that parents should accept and try to understand their children's feelings and should honestly disclose their own inner feelings to their children.Her approach to parent-child interaction was most explicitly recommended by

Accepted Answer

A)   Abraham Maslow.
B)   Gordon Allport.
C)   Carl Rogers.
D)   Carl Jung.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Regions of the brain that aid the process of careful self-reflection are relatively inactive when people's self-appraisals reflect

Accepted Answer

A)   the Big Five traits.
B)   secure self-esteem.
C)   feelings of self-efficacy.
D)   the-better-than-average effect.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 20

Rorschach inkblot test results diagnose many normal adults as disordered.This indicates that the test has little

Accepted Answer

A)   consensus.
B)   interpretive value.
C)   genuineness.
D)   validity.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 15: Personality

Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck best illustrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People with high self-esteem are less likely than those with low self-esteem to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mrs.Sunstedt believes that parents should accept and try to understand their children's feelings and should honestly disclose their own inner feelings to their children.Her approach to parent-child interaction was most explicitly recommended by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regions of the brain that aid the process of careful self-reflection are relatively inactive when people's self-appraisals reflect

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud suggested that pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones as we progress through various

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using his model of reciprocal determinism,Albert Bandura would consider self-efficacy to be a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rorschach inkblot test results diagnose many normal adults as disordered.This indicates that the test has little

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sigmund Freud explained personality in terms of unconscious motivations,whereas ________ described personality in terms of enduring traits.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency to accept more personal responsibility for one's successes than for one's failures best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which personality theory emphasizes the importance of our capacity for healthy growth and self-realization?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers have found that personal insults are especially likely to trigger a response of aggression from those who experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classifies people according to personality types identified by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In contemporary psychology,the self is considered to be the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud,the unconscious is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following Freudian ideas is most clearly contradicted by contemporary psychological theory and research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By professional training,Freud was a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory,boys' fear of castration is most closely associated with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carl Jung emphasized the importance of ________ in personality functioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most college students perceive themselves as less likely than their average classmate to have a heart attack by age 40.This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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