Question 1

The _______ horizon is the dark-colored soil horizon that is rich in organic material and forms just below the surface vegetation.

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   E
E)   OF) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

Sand-size grains of feldspar can be preserved in a soil profile over great time periods because of feldspar's resistance to chemical weathering.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

When fossil fuels are burned _____, enter the atmosphere to form acid rain.

Accepted Answer

A)   oxides of nitrogen (NO2)  and sulfur (SO2) 
B)   hydrochloric acids
C)   oxalic acids
D)   hydrogen and bicarbonate ions
E)   helium and argonF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 4

Ferromagnesian minerals such as pyroxene, amphibole, biotite, and olivine are chemically altered in the presence of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   quartz
B)   helium
C)   oxygen
D)   argon
E)   micaF) B) and C)
G) D) and E) C

Question 5

Compared with quartz, minerals that include the positively charged ions of aluminum, iron, magnesium, and calcium are ___ vulnerable to chemical weathering by acidic solutions.

Accepted Answer

A)   just as
B)   less
C)   more
D)   notE) A) and C)
F) A) and B) C

Question 6

Expanding ice in soil pushes large boulders down into the ground.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 7

The ____ describes the process in which this dominant greenhouse gas circulates among Earth systems.

Accepted Answer

A)   calcium cycle
B)   sodium cycle
C)   potassium cycle
D)   helium cycle
E)   carbon cycleF) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

The process of chemical weathering is also called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   chemical decomposition
B)   rock decomposition
C)   dissolution
D)   decomposition
E)   weathering decompositionF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

A soil formed entirely through the weathering of basalt would not contain sand-sized grains of __.

Accepted Answer

A)   clay
B)   feldspar
C)   olivine
D)   pyroxene
E)   quartzF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

Under wet and humid tropical conditions the least soluble material is the aluminum oxide called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   limonite
B)   chert
C)   bauxite
D)   peat
E)   humusF) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 11

The _____ horizon is the incompletely weathered parent material lying below the B-horizon.

Accepted Answer

A)   A
B)   B
C)   C
D)   E
E)   OF) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 12

The solution of calcite in a limestone supplies substantial amounts of ______ to ground water.

Accepted Answer

A)   calcium ions in solution
B)   an acid
C)   bicarbonate ions in solution
D)   All of the choices are correct.
E)   Both calcium ions in solution and bicarbonate ions in solution.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 13

________ forms as a chemical weathering product of iron-rich minerals.

Accepted Answer

A)   Hematite
B)   Limonite
C)   Quartz
D)   Both hematite and limonite are correct.
E)   All of the choices are correct.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 14

The only processes that affect rock are weathering and climate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

______, formed as water evaporates inside small spaces in rock, helps disintegrate desert rocks.

Accepted Answer

A)   Calcite
B)   Salt
C)   Quartz
D)   Hematite
E)   IceF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

_______ is a byproduct of rock weathering.

Accepted Answer

A)   Soil
B)   Metamorphic rock
C)   Igneous rock
D)   Water
E)   OilF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Oxygen is abundant in the atmosphere but it does not combine with minerals of the Earth's crust.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Plants, such as roots growing in cracks, and animals compacting the soil, have little influence on mechanical weathering.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The reduction of pressure on a body of rock can cause it to crack as it expands.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What, in terms of Earth systems, forms an essential interface between the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)   chert
B)   quartz
C)   soil
D)   oxides of iron and aluminum
E)   ferromagnesian mineralsF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Exam 5: Weathering and Soil

The _______ horizon is the dark-colored soil horizon that is rich in organic material and forms just below the surface vegetation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sand-size grains of feldspar can be preserved in a soil profile over great time periods because of feldspar's resistance to chemical weathering.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When fossil fuels are burned _____, enter the atmosphere to form acid rain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ferromagnesian minerals such as pyroxene, amphibole, biotite, and olivine are chemically altered in the presence of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Compared with quartz, minerals that include the positively charged ions of aluminum, iron, magnesium, and calcium are ___ vulnerable to chemical weathering by acidic solutions.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Expanding ice in soil pushes large boulders down into the ground.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

The ____ describes the process in which this dominant greenhouse gas circulates among Earth systems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of chemical weathering is also called ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A soil formed entirely through the weathering of basalt would not contain sand-sized grains of __.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under wet and humid tropical conditions the least soluble material is the aluminum oxide called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ horizon is the incompletely weathered parent material lying below the B-horizon.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The solution of calcite in a limestone supplies substantial amounts of ______ to ground water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ forms as a chemical weathering product of iron-rich minerals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The only processes that affect rock are weathering and climate.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

______, formed as water evaporates inside small spaces in rock, helps disintegrate desert rocks.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_______ is a byproduct of rock weathering.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Oxygen is abundant in the atmosphere but it does not combine with minerals of the Earth's crust.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Plants, such as roots growing in cracks, and animals compacting the soil, have little influence on mechanical weathering.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reduction of pressure on a body of rock can cause it to crack as it expands.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What, in terms of Earth systems, forms an essential interface between the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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False

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